Gandhi National Movement Free Essays

Mahatma Gandhi was the front famous political and ideological pioneer during the Indian freedom development. He spearheaded satyagraha, protection from oppression through mass common opposition. His way of thinking was immovably established upon truth and ahimsa (peacefulness). We will compose a custom exposition test on Gandhi National Movement or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now His way of thinking and authority helped India gain autonomy and roused developments for social equality and opportunity over the world. Gandhi initially utilized common insubordination while filling in as an exile attorney in South Africa. He battled for the inhabitant Indian community’s battle for social equality. After his arrival to India in 1915, he composed fights by workers, ranchers, and urban workers concerning unreasonable land-duty and segregation. In the wake of expecting initiative of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi drove across the country crusades to ease destitution, grow women’s rights, assemble strict and ethnic harmony, end unapproachability, and increment monetary confidence. Most importantly, he meant to accomplish Swaraj or the autonomy of India from remote control. Gandhi broadly drove his adherents in the Non-participation development that fought the British-forced salt duty with the 400 km (240 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930. He propelled the Quit India Movement in 1942, requesting prompt autonomy for India. Gandhi spent various years in prison in both South Africa and India. The patriot development developed into a wide spread mass enemy of colonialist development toward the finish of the First World War. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi became a force to be reckoned with as of now and turned into the undisputed pioneer of the patriot development. Ground-breaking mass developments were propelled under his initiative. These included disobedience of laws, tranquil shows, blacklist of instructive organizations, blacklist of courts, picketing of shops selling alcohol and outside products, default of charges and the end of essential business. These peaceful however progressive techniques impacted a large number of individuals having a place with all areas of society and implanted in them fortitude and self-assurance. Millions presently conquered the constraint turn by the govt intensely sought detainment and confronted lathicharges and firings. Gandhiji carried on with the basic existence of a parsimonious and conversed with the individuals in a language they could comprehend. He came to be referred to the individuals as Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji made social report a piece of the program of the patriot development. His most prominent accomplishment in the field of social change was the battle against brutal establishment of unapproachability which had corrupted a large number of Indians. His other accomplishment was in the field of house ventures. He found in the charkha, the turning wheel, the salvation of the town individuals and its advancement turned out to be a piece of the congress program. Notwithstanding injecting individuals with the soul of patriotism it gave work to millions and made an enormous gathering of individuals who were prepared to devote themselves completely to the battle and court detainment. The charkha turned out to be imperative to such an extent that it in the long run turned into a piece of the banner of the Indian National Congress. Gandhiji committed himself to the reason for Hindu-Muslim solidarity . He viewed communalism as hostile to national and brutal. Under his administration the solidarity of the patriot development was made sure about and the individuals buckled down for autonomy. As a specialist of ahimsa, Gandhi promised to talk reality and supported that others do likewise. He lived unobtrusively in an independent private network and wore the conventional Indian dhoti and wrap, woven from yarn that he had spun by hand himself. He ate basic veggie lover food, tested for a period with a fruitarian diet, and embraced long fasts as a methods for both self-decontamination and social dissent. He propelled numerous conspicuous Leaders over the World, who applied his standards in their own nations, in battle against oppression and for picking up Independence. Gandhiji is alluded to as Mahatma or â€Å"Great Soul† (unselfish), an honorific previously concerned him by Rabindranath Tagore). In India, he is additionally called Bapu and formally respected in India as the Father of the Nation. His birthday, 2 October, is honored as Gandhi Jayanti, a national occasion, and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi was killed on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse of RSS. He was actually a Mahatma conceived in the mask of a Man. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Instructions to refer to Gandhi National Movement, Essay models

Globalization and Its Impact on Work and Employment

Question: Research and basically examine the effect of globalization on work and business. Answer: Presentation Globalization is a significant idea, which clarifies that how the economy of a nation gets affected by the worldwide prudent change and how every nation is making new arrangement and actualizing those strategies to create in the universal exchange. Ventures and markets are presented to new markets where each market fluctuates starting with one society then onto the next. The worldwide system of business and exchanging has brought the little, medium and huge scope enterprises together (Bertho, Crawford and Fogarty, 2008). This has evacuated geological and social boundaries and secured the more extensive scope of exercises of the mechanical, social and social regions. Globalization has basically changed the substance of world economy and influenced the items individuals expend. In the course of recent hundreds of years, nations have gotten incorporated under one single huge economy where little and residential businesses are getting simple extension to exchange their items to the world wide client (Boudreaux, 2008). In this way, globalization has improved the money related state of the world in general, and brought enormous upgrades. With globalization, new entryways have opened to the modern division; it helps in expanding the business structure. New markets are brought into the world everywhere throughout the world dependent on the items delivered by different ventures according to the interest of the buyer, which thusly expands the extent of the clients to browse different remote merchandise according to their necessities (Business.mapsofindia.com, 2015). In this manner, to stand out enough to be noticed organizations are receiving new showcasing and promoting procedures. Indeed, even the administration of the nations is loosening up their remote exchange strategies to empower inflow of outside monetary standards into the nation. With loosened up facilitated commerce strategies, there is decline in the transportation cost and capital control. So with low duties more organizations are happy to put resources into the outside business sectors. This aides in having a superior remote exchange relations and building a solitary and entomb associated universal economy. It is increasingly evolved with the ascent in the utilization of correspondence between the nations. Individuals from any side of the world can benefit any data on anything through web. Individuals can benefit anything of their decision from anyplace on the planet, as for instance, purchasing of regular nourishments isn't restricted any longer to a specific season. Globalization has helped in guaranteeing ideal use of assets, everybody is getting mindful about the restricted assets accessible from the earth so social standards are followed to control any wastage. With globalization the business conditions are expanding, particularly in the creating nations (Hagen and Halvorsen, 2009). Creating nations are demonstrating incredible breadth for remote organizations. Remote organizations are investigating nations with gigantic market prospect, great redistributing and lesser compensation structure. Additionally, with respect to the creating nations like India, they are getting a charge out of the advantages of globalization ,similar to the way of life of the individuals have improved, more work is produced and increasingly outside speculation is entering the economy. The business which India saw an immense change is the cancel place shoring ventures (Hamilton and Wood, 2009). When contrasted with a created nation like UK, India gives a colossal wellspring of workforce which has made huge and notable organization to investigate this market and in this way a few conspicuous organizations are investigating the Indian economy. The call community administrations is unique in relation to the others administration industry. It centers around the targets of wanting to be cost productive and require being client situated. Along these lines to keep up the capital and gain benefit the expense ought to be controlled and furthermore the client intrigue ought to be remembered (Haugen and Mach, 2010). The organization place significance on nature of the administration, to fulfill and hold the clients who bring high worth. At the point when this industry comes into a creating nation they carry bunches of chances and India with its gifted human asset utilize this chances, to make an imprint in the worldwide media transmission industry. Despite the fact that the call place industry is prospering, they are as yet incapable to give work fulfillment and keep up their representatives because of absence of long haul possibilities. Some of the time, the worker for the bring focus work is over equipped for his post this make the representative questionable about his activity, yet working in the media transmission industry causes them while playing out the activity they to gain proficiency with an assortment of abilities expected to speak with the customers of the organization (Lee and Eyraud, 2008). Be that as it may, there isn't a lot of extent of increasing any new information in light of the fact that the worker does same sort of work each day. A portion of the issues saw in the call community industry are the odd working hours, on the grounds that in this industry the tasks are principally directed for the outside clients. As this tasks occur at night or night. This influences the physical and mental prosperity of the workers (Stewart, 2011). The high evening time work pressure alongside long voyaging negatively affects the representatives wellbeing and public activity. Besides, a large portion of the workforce in these organizations comprises of ladies whose family responsibilities and private life is influenced the most on account of the pressure of acting in the shifted work timings and transport issues. Thirdly, the workplace absence of nature with shut glass structures and counterfeit control of temperature and dampness do influence the representatives wellbeing which may offer ascent to work leave or under execution. Fourth, the work pressure is high in these organizations however not at all like the banking and tele com industry they don't get the opportunity to voice their issues because of nonappearance of representative associations. Fifth, the India representatives feel the weight of performing in view of the distinction in their language from their western clients, in light of the fact that the emphasize and articulation must be right to keep up the clients (Merino, 2010). In this way, the administration is attempting to carry answer for this issues looked by the workers. They practice a powerful enrollment and determination process and furthermore the chose competitors are given legitimate preparing to work under tension and furthermore to adjust the tongue to banter with their clients. Likewise, representatives are furnished with transport offices to guarantee their solace and furthermore the workplace is improved consequently more ladies are urged to work here. Albeit a few measures are taken to support representatives, call focus industry isn't viewed as a full life profession alternat ive (Miller, 2007). We can comprehend the business structure experienced by the individuals working outside India and the segregation looked by the Indians with the conversation of wellbeing industry in UK. The correlation between the UK based specialists and specialists qualified from outside UK will help comprehend it better. The Staff and Associate Specialist bunch in UK comprises of the significant extent of specialists qualified from outside UK. Be that as it may, abroad qualified specialists who qualified from nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka face separation in their activity, regularly they need to stand by longer to get any advancement and some of the time even wind up working in lower posts. Regardless of whether they have same capability and experience according to the UK based specialists, they are not given appropriate possibility for advancement and in some cases applying for a higher post on various occasions yield no outcome. So however globalization had an enormous effect on work like creating nations like India is encountering gigantic occupation development yet firms in created nations like UK and US encountering a fall in business uniquely in the tradable item advertises (Powell and Ghauri, 2008). End In this way we can say that globalization has changed the worldwide economy and made greater business. Investment of remote nations built up the economy and brought solidness. Globalization prompts better rivalry and development in item assembling and advertising and for that specific adaptability with respect to the firm which is inward adaptability and worldwide work markets which is outer adaptability is required (OilPrice.com, 2015). The firm which utilizes its own assets to begin another procedure is brought in sourcing which brings greater adaptability, more control and better execution. In sourcing is utilized to stay away from the distinction among ability and mastery and worldwide monetary condition and builds up the work condition with preparing and advancement which improves the norm. In sourcing is utilized in nations like UK where three fourth of the certified specialists are from nations like India and Pakistan, however they experience a low working condition. In sourci ng is costly than out sourcing (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Out sourcing is the point at which the association looks for administrations of another association to finish a procedure. It tends to be off shored or done in a similar nation with control. Out sourcing helps in controlling costs, spare time, augment benefit and increase better a dependable balance in the market. Like remote re-appropriating organizations are coming into the creating nations and convey their activity which encourages them in bringing down expense and getting workforce at lower pay structure. Subsequently, we can reason that globalization has opened better approaches to every single organization and improved the degree of work and work in a creating nation like India (Torp, 2014). References Bertho, M., Crawford, B. furthermore, Fogarty, E. (2008).The effect of globalization on the United States. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Boudreaux, D. (2008).Globalization. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Business.mapsofindia.com, (2015).Benefits of Globalization. [online] Available at: https://business.mapsofindia.com/globalization/benefits.html [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Hagen, I. furthermore, Halvorsen, T. (2009).Global privatization and its impa

Does Marijuana Lead to the Use of Other Drugs

Does Marijuana Lead to the Use of Other Drugs Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Does Marijuana Lead to the Use of Other Drugs? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 29, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 26, 2020 Is Marijuana Really a Gateway Drug?. © Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As more and more states around the U.S. decriminalize marijuanaâ€"also known as cannabisâ€"or approve the drug for medical or recreational use, it raises many questions by scientists. Like, how safe is it? Does it lead to harder drug use? The drug has been in use since ancient times. The earliest recorded use as a drug was 2737 BC in China. The drug made its entry to the New World in 1545 when the Spanish brought it and produced it as a commercial crop to make hemp fibers. In our modern world, many young people who smoke cannabis never progress to using other drugs, but there are some who do. Research shows that the  vast majority of high school students who do use other drugs used cannabis first. Why Do Some People Who Try Cannabis Also Try Other Drugs? The National Institute for Drug Abuse has three theories why some people who use marijuana go on to use other drugs while some do not: When people begin using cannabis while their young brains are still developing, which can be into their early 20s, it can change the reward system of their brains.?? Other drugs may, in turn, become more appealing.Those who use cannabis are more likely to be around others who use and sell other drugs, increasing the temptation to try those drugs.Young people who are at high risk of becoming substance abusers may use cannabis first because it is easier to get than other drugs.?? The same is true for cigarettes and alcohol. Can Someone Really Become Addicted to Marijuana? Is Cannabis a Gateway Drug? This question has circulated around the scientific community for many years. Of the usual gateway drugs, cannabis is mentioned along with the other two major ones, alcohol and tobacco. A three-year study published in 2016 focused on people who began using cannabis before alcohol.?? Researchers found that those who used cannabis experienced a higher incidence of an alcohol use disorder three years later after controlling for variables like psychiatric disorders and other substance use. Similarly, a 2015 study analyzed lifetime cannabis users and concluded that nearly 50% of participants went on to take other illicit drugs.?? Is Weed Really a Gateway Drug? Has Cannabis Become a Problem? For some, smoking cannabis is an occasional habit. For others, it can become a daily ritual that drags a person down. There are ways to tell if someone is addicted to cannabis and if its adversely affecting their lives.

Why College Is Important Essay - 1265 Words

College Education is most important because its knowledge that can never be taken away from you and you will always have your college education to fall back on. First of all, the value of a college education can be taken in all different kinds of aspects. When enrolling in school I look at it like this is my pride and glory and no one can take this from me. You can lose all your fame and fortune but if you have a college education it remains the same. In my prospective college education is valued. College is a goal of mine that Im going to achieve. With my Bachelor of Health Administration degree I plan on working in childrens hospitals one of my biggest dreams. When attending college you have to truly be a level headed person and stay†¦show more content†¦With the economy being so low now it makes me take a lot more value in my education as I did when I was growing up. Growing up I didnt care much about going to college if I made out of high school I was fine. Now attendi ng college and learning more and more makes me appreciate how important education is to me. School is very timely and precise everything is done differently. Little mistakes you make can mean a big deduction off your grade. School is my main priority because it means so much to me. Everyone should value there education and get all the knowledge while they can. Education is the most important part in your schooling because it leads to your success. Education holds the key to a successful future. Education can also help an individual to reach his/her life goals and dreams. The more education I receive the more choices and opportunities I will have. With an education, I have more options, which often lead to greater success and happiness in life. By going to college, I can choose what I want to do in life. A student will also be able to choose a career that interests them and that will enable them to achieve there dreams. Education starts in grade school and up. The more education you receive, the more money you may be able to earn. On average, a person with a four-year college degree earns more money as a person who graduated from high school but did not attend college. . By going toShow MoreRelatedWhy Is College Important For College?1521 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of college may be simply summed up as, unlocking more opportunities. When one reflects on their decision to enter college, this decision may have been highlighted by the potential to explore a subject in greater detail, more importantly a subject matter of your choice. While I approach the final semester of my college experience, I can reflect back and see that this was merely scratching the surface of the importance of college. One of the most important aspects of college, is learningRead MoreWhy Is College Important For College?929 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Why is college important, College is a vital part of becoming secure in career with all the job positions available so many times it can be found that without a degree certain career opportunities may not be available. There are many more positive aspects of spending extra time going to college. College isn’t for everyone, yet it can be a very rewarding decision when career and skill sets are needed to make sure employers look for the proper candidates to fill jobs. Having a Bachelor’sRead MoreWhy Is College Important?900 Words   |  4 PagesKien La Prof.Russell ESL-301 Why College is Important Education is always a famous topic for students to talk about, they should understand deeply that how education is playing a big role in their life. Allan Bloom claims that Education is the movement from darkness to light. In other words he is saying that education is the key to opening a better future. He tries to indicate that education is very important in human society, and attending college is even more necessary for everyone, especiallyRead MoreWhy Is It Important For College?1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is it importance to go to college? College education acts as the key to a successful future to individuals who are serious about it. When students experience a post-secondary education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. These motivation students to think, ask questions, and explore a new idea, which allows for additional growth and development and provides college graduates with an advantage in the job market over those who haveRead MoreWhy College Is Important?1839 Words   |  8 PagesWhy College is Crucial Why is college so important? Why would anyone want or need to spend so much time or more money than they could ever afford to receive a piece of paper saying they attended college for the last four years of there life and that they are somehow more important than the ones who didn’t? Why be in debt for countless years after graduation, having to spend a large portion of your valuable life paying off your loans and whatever the university in which you attended consumed fromRead MoreWhy College Is Important791 Words   |  4 Pageswill lead to other questions as to why it would be an advantage or choosing between an associate’s degree and bachelor’s degree. I for one am seeking a Psychology Bachelor’s Degree so it will open up opportunities for a successful career and a higher paying salary. Continuing to further my education is not only going to be a personal achievement but also a stepping stone in my path to get my master’s and doctorate degree. During the time that I attend my college courses it will help with my cognitiveRead MoreWhy College Is Important to Me704 Words   |  3 PagesSeptember 6, 2012 Many people find themselves questioning the importance of a college education. They ask themselves, â€Å"Why is College important to me?† One answer is extremely crucial in todays economy. In order to succeed and have little or no struggle financially, you must have a education that will end up being a career of your choice. Not just something that you have to settle for. My reasons for a why college is important to me are not only because of money but it has to do with me and my lifeRead MoreWhy Is College So Important?1312 Words   |  6 Pages Why is college so important? A few years ago, most people only obtained their high school diploma and would receive any job in the market, but colleges have become the twenty-first century key to success. Jobs are now being given to those who are more educated and college provides this extra education. It is not the same as high school. High school education consists of a more general knowledge, which is a small amount of information about all the topics, but college is focused on the major. CollegeRead MoreWhy is College Education Important?1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The debate on whether a college education is worth it may have begun when the colonists arrived from Europe and founded â€Å"New College† (later renamed Harvard University) in 1636 (College Education).† Whatever the case attaining a college education can be very beneficial to one throughout life. It can help one earn more money over a lifetime, and even can help someone live longer. Without colleg e, the education system as we know it would be forever changed. Having a college education is something thatRead MoreWhy College Education Is Important990 Words   |  4 PagesWhy College Education is Important to me College education means a chance at a better life. Nothing but positive elements can follow one when pursuing the dream of a college degree. Life can put obstacles in your way but if you stay determined then that determination can allow your dreams to become a reality. That determination is what drives me and what makes a college education so important to me. Vince Lombardi Jr. once stated, â€Å"The difference between a successful person and others is not

Consumerism Of The Healthcare Industry Essay - 1204 Words

Part A: There has been an indisputable growing trend in consumerism in the healthcare industry. The shift of patient to consumer has begun to take effect. The relationship between patient and consumer are closely related and complicated, â€Å"A patient is also a healthcare consumer, but a consumer is not necessarily a patient† (Jayanthi, 2015, para. 2). The definition of patient is arguable, Medicinenet.com varyingly defines a patient as a person requiring medical care, receiving treatment, under a physician’s care, waiting for treatment and care, a person receiving care by a licensed professional (2016). A consumer’s role as described by Thomas in the rise of product differentiation and consumerism, had to be introduced and educated of a good and service, have awareness of purchase opportunities, and standardization of goods and service where the consumer was to be persuaded to choose one or the other (2015, p3). Margolis is quoted, â€Å"Patients†¦receiv e care, while consumers make choices† (In Jayanthi, 2015, para. 4) According to the Institute of Health Consumerism (IHC), â€Å"Patients are increasingly taking an active role in their care experience and are evermore empowered to choose their own care alternatives. With the current state of the economy, the cost of care and, most importantly, the quality and ease of service are crucial factors in determining patient satisfaction. Implementing a consumer-driven health plan is the right first step but that alone in not sufficient to meetShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Consumerism And Its Importance For Individuals, Organizations, And The Healthcare Industry880 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Question Title for this research is â€Å"Healthcare Consumerism and its Importance to Individuals, Organizations, and the Healthcare Industry.† Research Plan Introduction â€Å"Healthcare† and â€Å"consumerism† are not commonly known, nor considered to be in conjunction with one another. With the velocity of change in the healthcare industry, organizations have been forced to grip their pocketbooks in an attempt to contain their healthcare spend. Employers have done this by taking large steps towardRead MoreHealthcare Consumerism Of The 21st Century1593 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscover what is known about healthcare consumerism in the 21st century, the researcher will recommend solutions that educate and promote healthcare consumerism. The opportunities are presented in the form of recommendations for individuals and organizations to consider when desiring to learn and/or encourage healthcare consumerism behaviors. Recommendation One – Third-Party Partner The first recommendation is for organizations wishing to promote healthcare consumerism. The majority of employeeRead MoreThe Trends Of What Consumers Value And Want From Healthcare Today999 Words   |  4 Pageswhat consumers value and want from healthcare today. The authors (Coughlin, Wordham Johash, 2015) use the term â€Å"consumerism† to describe how the market is shifting to expand consumers risk and involvement in paying for and making decisions about health care. Health consumerism encompasses a shift from a physician directed approach to a partnership model where patients make informed decisions (Health consumerism, 2012). Strategies that healthcare related industries should use to innovate and succeedRead MoreQi Plan Part 1 Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesQI Plan Part I- Consumerism HCS/588 October 17, 2011 QI Plan Part I- Consumerism Healthcare organizations have a responsibility to its consumers and various stakeholders to ensure only the highest quality care is delivered. Quality measures such as performance measurement and quality improvement processes play a critical role in helping organizations achieve quality outcomes. This paper will contrast performance measurement and quality improvementRead MoreChanging Connection Between Professionalism And Managerialism1622 Words   |  7 Pagesreceipt pressure from upper and lower both levels. But, selection of nurses as sample for conducting the research can be argued as their values, norms and practices are directly influenced by the doctors. It can also be argued that due to increasing consumerism in health care, doctors behave in managerial way and it also influences the behaviour of nurses. For example, Correia (2013) conducted the qualitative study for determining the interplay between professionals and managers. It described that managerialismRead MoreHealthcare Marketing And Ethical Considerations928 Words   |  4 PagesHealthcare Marketing and Ethical Considerations Marketing and advertising strategies have historically been an important avenue for businesses to reach target audiences. However, for the healthcare sector, marketing and advertising are a newer strategy. Thus, advertising regulations and ethical considerations have remained slow in comparison with technological growth and consumer interests. Progressing from an industry banned from advertising, to an industry where marketing has become crucial, hasRead MoreManagement of Health Care Data and Information2511 Words   |  10 Pages1. The healthcare industry has generated large volumes of data for much of its history. In spite of the large volumes of data associated with the delivery of healthcare, it is often pointed to as a lagging industry with regards to information management. Describe the current maturity state of information management in the healthcare industry. Specifically, consider the following: a. Explain the difference, if any, in healthcare data and healthcare information. What are the primary sources of healthcareRead MoreBranding in Health Care983 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience that goes beyond quality metrics and connects to patients. Brands matter and health care is no different. It is about patient care and complex science, but it’s also about dollars and cents. Branding is a $2.8 trillion industry in the U.S. alone, and every sector in the industry needs revenue growth because demand for health goods and services is increasing rapidly and medical inflation and labor costs add 3% per year to costs of operation. And in health care, a strong brand can often lead to moreRead MorePatient - Centric Systems : Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pagesassociated with care, and increase health outcomes. While there is still debate as to whether the Affordable Care Act is the proper means to attain these goals, the healthcare industry is changing. Much momentum for the chang e is focused on the individual patient and their ability and desire to be in charge of their own healthcare (Rickert, 2012). This is a significant change from a period not too long ago when physicians were seen as superior individuals who knew the best care for all of theirRead MoreThe Evolution Of Health Care1184 Words   |  5 Pagesor low quality. The evolution of health care in the United States started over 300 years ago. It is divided into six main important eras: the charitable, the educational era, the insurance era, the government era, the managed care era and the consumerism era. The charitable includes period from about 1700 to about 1830. In the beginning of this period, health care was provided voluntarily in public houses mostly for needy citizens. Those who had money could afford seen or treated at homes. The

High School Drop Outs vs. College Graduates Free Essays

High School Drop Outs vs. College Graduates Think about it, how many people actually get through high school and graduate? How many people actually graduate from college as well? High school dropout rates and college graduate rates are very different. High school dropouts are more likely to be Hispanics, African Americans, and American Indians in Maryland. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Drop Outs vs. College Graduates or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, in Maryland high school dropout rates have come to 23% over the years according to the National Dropout Rates by www. boostup. org. For college graduates, 31. 3% of all students graduate out of a public, 4-year university. On the other hand, 52. 4% of students graduate from a private, non-profit institution according to CBS News. All the students who drop out of high school and graduate college are different by the determination and work ethic, the lifestyles and the potential earnings they might get. The determination and work ethic can make a total difference in getting into college or not graduating high school. High school drop outs don’t have good determination or work ethic. They don’t want to go to school, so they don’t and stay home. They don’t want to do their work, so they don’t do it. They think they don’t have to do any work and get by in life, but in reality that’s not how life works. College graduates either love doing school work or they hate it, and do it anyways. Their work ethics are great, because they want to do great work, so they get amazing grades. They just get it done, so they don’t have to worry about it when they want to go out and have a fun time with their friends. High school drop outs and college graduates are only a product of the way they grew up; the lifestyle they were raised in. The lifestyle of a high school dropout and a college graduate can be totally different, but could also be the same. With a high school dropout, the world they grew up in could be a low income family and they don’t have much money; barely enough to get by. With not much money the student who drops out could want to leave school and work. But on the other hand, they could be getting by, and never want to go to school. A college graduate could have two different lifestyle extremes. They could have loads of money and their parents pay for everything they own or they have just enough to get by. The college graduates who are just getting by want a higher education, so they go to college anyways with all the financial help they can get. According to the National Center for Children in Poverty 40% of all American kids are living in a low income family, but I think those children should still go to school and figure out what kind of person they really, truly are. Even though some people go to school and don’t receive good grades should go anyways to figure out who they really are. To figure out what kind of friends they hang out with and why they hang out with them. They also find out who their true friends are. Also, by the type of friends they have is how they are reflected to the world. High school drop outs tend not to have the type of friends that push them to be better people, but only what they are today. For college graduates, they typically would have friends and other people pushing them and wanting them to go far in life. The motivations of the people they have in their lives are what make college graduates and high school dropouts different. All students who drop out of high school or graduate from college are different by their determination and work ethics, their lifestyles and their potential earnings. There should be more people wanting to graduate from high school and continue to graduate from college. Also students should want to learn and continue learning. Finally, lifestyles may be different and may effect who goes to college, but shouldn’t hold people back from learning, or achieving a higher education. Just because some people may drop out of high school and some people may graduate from college shouldn’t matter; everyone deserves to learn every day until the day they die. How to cite High School Drop Outs vs. College Graduates, Papers

Motion Engineering Structural Motion Engineering

Question: Discuss about the Motion Engineering: Structural Motion Engineering? Answer: Introduction The find-out the motion of individual, and delayed moments in the process, Some process was designed to find useful motions and to utilize added even split-seconds of delayed time, this process was known as Therblig Analysis, Similarly another analysis were also discovered i.e. Motion economy, General posture and Ergonomics, and work Environment Analysis. Base on the above analytical check list, we have identified internal food process system of popular restaurant in our area, which is known as Odd Duck restaurant. This restaurant is found in Milwaukee city, near bay view sector, it is attractable to the entire person whether it is Non-vegetarian or vegetarian under one roof. In 2009, this spot is opened by brothers Bryce and Dylan Gilmore. Later it was named as Odd Duck and opened that December. It became famous in very short period of time and people were enjoying that food. To know the internal food processing system of this famous restaurant we have gone through the following checklists which are as follows. Short notes on (Therblig analysis checklist) from Annexure In Therbrlig analysis checklist, it was found that, normally we have to find the way to kitchen area. We have easily observed that some serviceman coming from a room which is other side of the bar. We have stepped into the kitchen room. The Kitchen looks like well arranged. All the kitchen Cutlery are well placed in that area, Lot ovens like microwave, Heating Oven, and normal gas oven are well placed at the center place of Kitchen. Each of the Chefs has a movable rack nearby, from where the entire necessary Item like knife, semi prepared food and other utensil are kept. After conversation it was found that this rack were designed for particular dishes, whenever order comes some other staff fill the racks with necessary item and place them near the Chef. Short notes on ( Work environment checklist) from Annexure Illumination is quite good in this area, all the LEDs and Tube light are well illuminated and no shadow is visible anywhere. There is connected to UPS system also. Because it is the 2nd Half of day around 3:20 P.M. so, there is no rush at this time. Thermal condition is quite good at this time. But I realized that in rush hour this will little bit heated. Ventilation is provided and some stand fans are kept to cool down the staff at rush hour. There is no vibration found anywhere, but this place is quite noise, due to Ventilator, Crockery, and food preparation sound. This is he area where really need some improvement It looks like the al the staffs were well trained to their working procedure; Movable kart with good handle with grips is there for heavy goods movement. There is one gravity bins also to move the good which are sacked or well packaged. All they working in very streamlined rhythm. It looks like there is no stress at all. Short notes on (General posture and task evaluation checklist) from Annexure At Odd Duck, Sam Childers worked in the dining room to bus the tables and roll silverware. She was able to independently gather all of the supplies needed from the busing station to roll silverware and carry it to a booth in the restaurant. Sam Childers performed the task sitting down, and she did not seem to have any problems with fatigue or attention to the task during a one hour time period. She attended to the task keeping her eyes on her work and was not distracted by the patrons in the restaurant. By the end the hour, Sam Childers was able to complete approximately 85% of the steps in the task analysis without prompting. She quickly grasped the concept of picking up one knife, spoon, and fork per napkin. The steps that she had difficulty with were positioning the silverware on the napkin and rolling it tightly around the silverware. With training, she should easily be able to acquire this skill. Sam Childers also bused tables during the assessment and did not have any difficulty orienting from the dining area to the kitchen. She required prompting to begin busing the tables and did not pick up on the natural cue of customers leaving the restaurant after their meals were completed. While Sam Childers was very methodical in cleaning the tables, she did so at a very slow speed. She preferred to use her right hand to do the task and needed prompting to use both hands simultaneously to work at a faster pace. Sam Childers could carry a bus pan weighing 15-20 pounds. By the end of an hour, she was completing 60% of the task independently. Although Sam Childers was able to perform both job duties, she experienced greater difficulty staying on task when she was moving around the restaurant to bus the tables. Sam was able to work for two hours during all of the situational assessment with a ten minute break after one hour. She independently oriented to large work areas such as finding her way from a Kitchen to the store room and bathroom once shown the location at all of the sites. She performed best when there were relatively few distractions, but she could be re-directed back to work when needed. She particularly enjoyed being with coworkers during breaks and responded to their prompting and assistance especially noted during the situational assessment at Odd Duck. The system of least prompts was most effective as an instructional strategy. He rarely needed physical prompts and typically responded best to model prompts. Short notes on (Motion economy checklist) from Annexure Work interchangeability is possible in front and side oven only, because all the ingredients are kept beside one chef who has received order. This Chef has to specify that, what work can be done by other chefs, if he is free, He can fry something and give to the first chefs. I think layout is quite good, in this layout other supporting staff can move freely and assist the main chef. Movement cannot be eliminated. Neither had it required to use strong muscle, because portable kart is given. All floors are plane, So there is no chance of Jerk. It was found that Machines used in this restaurant are state of the art technology. So all are working to give their best result. It is possible to speed-up the machine, but it can make unnecessary wear and tear. My Suggestion If I was working there, I want to change one thing that is Noise Pollution, this can be reduced by given packing in there ventilation system and keep exhaust fan outside the kitchen and extra exhaust for fumes of the central oven area. Central Top light can be replaced to place the exhaust hood. Regular check of freezer is also required. because last check sticker is showing the date of 8th of June, It its last check was more than six month old. Beside this, Odd Duck has to improve his service area also. Nos of customer has given complain about services, even eight food quality complaint has also been registered. Problem faced. The biggest problem we have faced is taking permission of the inside activity of a Restaurant kitchen. We have roamed about four restaurant in this area, But I got permitted in Odd Duck only, and in that time only when the rush is at low level. If rush is low level then problem realization is also on low level, We were not allowed to go to raw food store area, But still I am trying my best to do this enquiry. The reason for not choosing Quick service restaurant is Fast food Restaurants are special kinds of restaurants and It is chained all over the world. The Fast food recipe and merely services the table to cater to the needs of various youngsters and working professionals. The differentiating factor of these restaurants is the quick deliveries of food items which are an unusual component of working population as a data of a developed nation. Fast fodders generally aim people in the age bracket of 16-35 years, as this is the age bracket like to taste new eatables and having fast foods every day. Annexure Therblig analysis checklist Reach and Move Can either of these therbligs be eliminated? P Can distances be shortened to advantage? P Are the best means (conveyors, tongs, tweezers) being used? P Is the correct body member (fingers, wrist, forearm, shoulder) being used? P Can a gravity chute be employed? P Can transports be effected through mechanization and foot-operated devices? P Will time be reduced by transporting in larger units? P Is time increased because of the nature of the material being moved or because of a Subsequent delicate positioning? Can abrupt changes in direction be eliminated? P Grasp Would it be advisable for the operator to grasp more than one part or object at a time? P Can a contact grasp be used rather than a pickup grasp? P In other words, can objects be slid instead of carried? P Will a lip on the front of bins simplify grasping small parts? P Can tools or parts be pre-positioned for easy grasp? P Can a vacuum, magnet, rubber fingertip, or other device be used to advantage? P Can a conveyor be used? P Has the jig been designed so that operators may grasp the part easily when removing it? P Can the previous operator pre-position the tool or the work, simplifying grasp for the P next operator? Can tools be pre-positioned on a swinging bracket? P Can the work table surface be covered with a layer of sponge material so that the fingers, can enclose small parts more easily? Release Can the release be made in transit? P Can a mechanical ejector be used? P Are the bins that contain the part after its release the proper size and design? P At the end of the therblig release, are the hands in the most advantageous position for the next therblig? Can multiple units be released? No Pre-Position Can a holding device at the workstation keep tools in the proper positions and the handles in upright positions? Can tools be suspended? P Can a guide be used? P Can a magazine feed be used? P Can a stacking device be used? P Can a rotating fixture be used? P Use Can a jig or fixture be used? P Does the activity justify mechanized or automated equipment? P Would it be practical to make the assembly in multiple units? P Can a more efficient tool be used? P Can stops be used? P Is the tool being operated at the most efficient feeds and speeds? P Should a power tool be employed? P Search Are articles properly identified? P Perhaps labels or color could be utilized? P Can transparent containers be used? P Will a better layout of the workstation eliminate searching? P Is proper lighting being used? . P Can tools and parts be pre-positioned? P Select Are common parts interchangeable? P Can tools be standardized? P Are parts and materials stored in the same bin? P Can parts be pre-positioned in a rack or tray? P Position Can such devices as a guide, funnel, bushing, stop, swinging bracket, locating pin, recess, key, pilot, or chamfer be used? Can tolerances be changed? P Can the hole be counterbored or countersunk? P Can a template be used? P Can the elimination of burrs decrease the problem of positioning? P Can the article be pointed to act as a pilot? P Inspect Can inspection be eliminated or combined with another operation or therblig? P Can multiple gages or tests be used? P Will inspection time be reduced by increasing the illumination? P Are the articles being inspected at the correct distance from the worker's eyes? P Will a grazing light accentuate defects and facilitate inspection? P Would an electric eye be useful? P Does the volume justify automatic electronic inspection? P Would a magnifying glass facilitate the inspection of small parts? P Is the best inspection method being used? P Has consideration been given to polarized light, template gages, sound tests, performance tests, and so on? Rest to Overcome Fatigue Is the best order-of-muscles classification being used? P Are temperature, humidity, ventilation, noise, light, and other working conditions satisfactory? Are benches of the proper height? P Can the operator alternately sit and stand while performing work? P Does the operator have a comfortable chair of the right height? P Are mechanical means being used for heavy loads? P Is the operator aware of his or her average intake requirements in calories per day? P Hold Can a mechanical jig, such as a vise, pin, hook, rack, clip, or vacuum, be used? P Can friction be used? P Can a magnetic device be used? P Should a twin holding fixture be used? P Work environment checklist Illumination Is the illumination sufficient for the task, per IESNA recommendations? P To increase illumination, are more luminaires provided, rather than increasing the wattage of existing ones? Is there general lighting, as well as supplementary lighting? P Are the workplace and lighting arranged so as to avoid glare? P Are direct luminaires placed away from the field of vision? P Do the luminaires have baffles or diffusers? P Are work surfaces laid out perpendicular to the luminaires? P Are surfaces matted or nonglossy? P If necessary, are screen filters available for computer monitors? P Thermal conditions Heat Is the worker within the thermal comfort zone? P If not within the thermal comfort zone, has the WBGT of the working environment been measured? Are the thermal conditions within ASHRAE guidelines? P If not within guidelines, is sufficient recovery time provided? P Are procedures in place for the control of potential heat stress conditions? P Is the escape of heat controlled at the source? P Are radiation shields in place? P Is ventilation provided? P Is the air dehumidified? P Is air-conditioning provided? P Thermal conditions Cold Is the worker adequately clothed for the equivalent wind chill temperature? P Are auxiliary heaters provided? P Are gloves provided? P Ventilation Are ventilation levels acceptable, per guidelines? P Is a minimum of 300 ft3/hour/person provided? P If necessary, are local fans provided for workers? P Are these fans within a distance of 30 fan-diameter? P For local heat sources, is spot cooling provided? P Noise Levels Are noise levels below 90 dBA? P If the noise levels exceed 90 dBA, is there sufficient rest such that the 8-hour dose is less than 100%? Are noise control measures in place? P Is the noise controlled at the source with better maintenance, mufflers, rubber mou.nts?P Is the noise source isolated? P Are acoustical treatments being utilized? P As a last resort, are earplugs (or earmuffs) being used properly? P Vibration Are vibration levels within acceptable ANSI standards? P If there is vibration, can the vibration-causing sources be eliminated? P Have specially dampened seats been installed on vehicles? P Have vibration absorbing handles been attached to power tools? P. General posture and task evaluation checklist General Posture Evaluation Are the joints maintained in a neutral position (most are straight, elbow is at 90E)? P Is the work or load held close to the body? P Are forward bending postures avoided? P Are twisting postures of the trunk avoided? P Are sudden movements or jerks avoided? P Are static postures avoided? i.e., Are there changes in posture? P Are excessive reaches avoided? P Are the hands utilized in front of the body? P Task Evaluation Are static muscle exertions avoided? P Are repetitive static exertions limited to 15% of maximum strength? P Are durations of static exertion limited to several seconds? P Are pinch grips used only for low-force precision tasks? P Are large muscle groups and power grips utilized for tasks requiring force? P Is momentum utilized to assist the operator? P Are curved motions pivoting around the lowest-order joints utilized? P Are materials and tools placed within the normal working area? P Are gravity bins and drop deliveries utilized? P Are tasks carried out below shoulder level and above knuckle height? P Are lifts performed slowly with knees bent? P Are mechanical assists or additional help utilized for loads exceeding 50 pounds? P Is the workload low enough that the heart rate is steady and below 110 beats/min? P Are frequent, short rest breaks provided? P Motion economy checklist Suboperations Can a suboperation be eliminated? P As unnecessary? P By a change in the order of the work? P By a change of tools or equipment? P By a change in layout of the workplace? P By combining tools? P By a slight change of material? P By a slight change in product? P By a quick-acting clamp on the jigs or fixtures? P Can a suboperation be made easier? By better tools? P By changing leverages? P By changing positions of controls or tools? P By better material containers? P By using inertia where possible? P By lessening visual requirements? By better workplace heights? P Movements Can a movement be eliminated? P As unnecessary? P By a change in the order of work? P By combining tools? P By a change in tools or equipment? P By a drop disposal of finished material? P Can a movement be made easier? By a change in layout, shortening distances? P By changing the direction of movements? P By using different muscles? P Use the first muscle group that is strong enough for the task: (1) Finger? (2) Wrist? (3) Forearm? (4) Upper arm? (5) Trunk? By making movements continuous rather than jerky? P Holds Can a hold be eliminated? (Holding is extremely fatiguing.) As unnecessary? P By a simple holding device or fixture? P Can a hold be made easier? P By shortening its duration? P By using stronger muscle groups, such as the legs with foot-operated vises? P Delays Can a delay be eliminated or shortened? As unnecessary? P By a change in the work each body member does? P By balancing the work between the body members? P By working simultaneously on two items? P By alternating the work, each hand doing the same job, but out of phase? P Cycles Can the cycle be rearranged so that more of the handwork is done during running time? P By automatic feed? P By automatic supply of material? P By change of man and machine phase relationship? P By automatic power cutoff at completion of cut or in case of tool or material failure? P Machine Time Can the machine time be shortened? P By better tools? P By combined tools? P By higher feeds or speeds? P References: Jerome, C. Simon, L. Structural Motion Engineering. U.S.A: Springer 2006 print. Joe, B. Restaurant Man. U.S.A: A Plume Book, 2009 print. Aurora, C. and Ana, C. Ultimate Restaurant Design. U.S.A. teNeues Publishing company, 2004 Print. Freivalds. Niebel's Methods, Standards, Work Design. NY: Tata McGraw Hill, 2004 Print. Isao, K. Smalley, A. Toyota Kaizen Methods: Six Steps to Improvement. NY: CRC Press, 2011 Print. Slack, N. Chambers, S. Operations management. USA: Prentice Hall, 2007 Print. Mark, R. Steven J. Jim Buck. Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers. USA: CRC press, 2008 Print Cram. Study Guide for: Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers. USA: Content technology, 2014 e-print Mumford, Lewis.The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt, 1938. Print. Baldwin, Richard et al.Economic Geography and Public Policy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003. Print. GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability."International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology14.1 (2007): 27-36. Print.

Delima Case Study Essay Example

Delima Case Study Essay BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTANCY (HONS) AC220 INTEGRATED CASE STUDY (MAF 680) CASE 1: A DELIMA Table of Content No. Particular Page No. Introduction : Company Background Case Summary 3 2 Identified Issues In DESB Questions Answers 9_13 4 Recommendations 14-17 5 Conclusion 18 6 Reference 19 7 Appendix 20-26 INTRODUCTION Company Background Delima Enterprise was set up by Encik Zayed in 1981. It engaged in trading and supplying related products including manpower supplies to the oil and gas industries. In 2004, the enterprise was incorporated as Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. Both Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah (husband and wife) were the two principal ctivities into provision of engineering services while its corporate mission was to become a leading service contractor who provide quality products and excellent services. The company had been awarded with several engineering projects since 2006. Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. (DESB) had maintained a very lean organization with basic functional positions. En Zayed and his wife Pn Hashimah were the Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer respectively. He and his wife only had secondary school background. They employed their own family members to work in DESB with minimal education background and no Job experience. Puan Balqis, the Operation Manager and En Salam, the Human Resource and Administrative Manager were their relatives who only had secondary school background as well. Cik Amy, a young Accounting graduate was employed as Finance Executive responsible for maintenance of the accounting and financial matters of the company although she did not have working experience. Case Summary DESB had applied for banking facilities to implement the contract it had secured. We will write a custom essay sample on Delima Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Delima Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Delima Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The banks required the companys Audited Financial Statements for the last two years. It was then when En Zayed realized that the company had not performed statutory udit and was introduced to Aziz Co (Chartered Accountant) as their external auditor to perform the audit from the period of 2003 to 2006. The auditor wanted to qualify the Financial Statements due to several unresolved issues. Encik Zayed and his wife attempted to convince the auditors to not qualify the Financial Statements but failed. Encik Zayed wished to terminate the auditors appointment and appoint a new friendly party auditor to do the audit. IDENTIFIED ISSUES IN DESB There were several issues that can be identified within DESB. It is important to identify these issues which require solutions and improvements in order for the ompany to meet the statutory audit requirements. The issues can be divided into several categories which are legislation, corporate governance, internal control, human resource, ethical, accounting information system (AS) and management issues. Legislation Issues One of the legislation issues was breach of directors fiduciary duty in DESB. The controlling directors, En Zayed and Pn Hashimah tried to negotiate with the Auditor to not qualify the Financial Statement. They planned to terminate the auditors appointment and appoint a new friendly party auditor who can cooperate with them. The directors showed the intention to commit fraud and they definitely did not act in the best interest of the company. According to Section 132(1) of Companies Act 1965, a director of a company shall at all time exercise his power for a proper purpose and in good faith in the best interest of the company. The directors had gone against the provision in the Companies Act 1965. Besides that the directors had also charged their personal vehicle expenses on the company. There were also withdrawals of companys money without proper documentation. Section of CA 1965 stated that the director cannot simply use the companys property or asset. The directors action had breached their fiduciary duties stated in the CA 1965. They Act 1965, including their roles and duties as Company Directors. Section 132(1A) of CA 1965 stated that the director are expected to have knowledge, skill and experience. In addition to that, En Zayed and Pn Hashimah also wished to remove the present auditor, Aziz Co before the expiration of their term from the office without a proper procedure. Section 172 of CA 1965 stated that only the shareholders can remove the auditor before the expiration of his terms with the required passing of ordinary esolution at general meeting with special notice of 28 days given to the auditor. IDENTIFIED ISSUES IN DESB Corporate Governance Issues One of the corporate governance issues in DESB was the roles and responsibilities of the managers were not clearly stated. The organizational chart in DESB was very lean and the personnel did not know their roles and responsibility well. The management was not properly controlled. The organizational chart should be properly drawn with distinct functional department. En Zayed and Pn Hashimah had also appointed their own relatives into the company without taking into consideration of the basic ducational requirements for the positions they offered. They were also not familiar with Accounting Standards and the provision of the Companies Act 1965, including their roles and duties as Company Directors. As stated in Section 132(1A) of CA 1965, directors are expected to have knowledge, skill and experience. They need to be updated on the law, regulations and accounting standard failing which had caused poor corporate governance in DESB. The appointment of auditor was also made without any proper procedure. It is stated in the Act that the appointment of auditor should be made at each annual general meeting. The directors intention to remove the present auditor, Aziz Co before the expiration of their term from the office without a proper procedure showed the directors were not familiar with corporate governance. Section 172 of CA 1965 stated that only the shareholders can remove the Internal Control Issue One example of internal control issues in DESB was the lack of authorization of business transactions. All decisions were made authorised by either En Zayed or Pn Hashimah. Personal vehicle expenses were charged to the company and several withdrawals of companys money were made without proper documentation. Internal Control Issue (Contd) Another example of internal control issues in DESB was no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in place and all decisions were made and authorized by either En Zayed or Pn Hashimah. Some wwithdrawals of companys money were made without proper documentation. The recruitment of new employees was also made without proper procedures. There was no segregation of duties in DESB. En. Zayed does not segregate management duties equally among the employees. For instance, there was no segregation of duties between the person who approved payments of employees was all done by Pn Hashimah alone. This issue may cause task redundancy, fraud, negligence, power abuse, inefficiency and work delay to occur within the company. There was also no Audit Committee set up in the company. DESB should establish an Audit Committee for a better internal control. DESB was also lack of control and supervision. The employees prepared their timesheets by their own without any manager authorization. Puan Hasimah approved and made payment of the salaries. Supervision should be done in regular basis. The management too should review the adequacy of internal control and assign supervisors to manage the timesheets for he employees time in and time out. They may as well use a punch card system. Finally, DESB also had no budget planning. The budgets can be used to compare the budgeted costs and actual costs to see any variance. This can help managers to make efficient dectston making. IDENTIFIED ISSUES IN DESB Ethical Issue The ethical issue that can be identified in DESB is the abuse of power by the directors. The family members of the directors were employed as employees although some did not have the necessary Job experiences needed for their positions. Puan Balqis and Encik Salam who only had secondary school background ere appointed to be the Operations Manager and Human Resource and Administrative Manager respectively. Besides that, abuse of power by the directors can also be seen when the directors personal vehicle expenses were charged to the company. It is not ethical for the directors to take advantage of their power in the company. Accounting System Issue DESB had used MYOB Accounting Software that was not integrated. This caused the data not to be processed and generated automatically between certain modules. DESB should purchase new software that can simplify the recording of business ransactions such as the USB Accounting Software. Accounting system issue can also be seen when the customers monthly statement of accounts were not sent to the customer on monthly basis. Documents were not pre-numbered and missing which made it hard to reconcile customers account balances. Management Issues Other issue related to DESB was inadequate Job training for the employees. Most of the employees have no necessary Job experience before Joining the company. The management should employ candidates with suitable qualification and working experience. DESB should also invest on necessary training to enhance knowledge of he employees. For instance, DESB must provide training to Cik Amy who is a fresh graduate without working experience. Besides that there was no proper recording of assets. Several assets purchased by the company were not recorded properly. Management Issues (Contd) DESB paid its employees wages weekly without employee benefit and EPF contribution. EPF contribution for contract workers were not deducted and remitted to EPF. The EPF should be contributed to the employees as stated in the Employment Act. One of the management issues was that the company maintained a lean not clarified clearly. QUESTIONS ANSWERS 1 . Were there any abuses of power by the management and breach of fiduciary on the part of the directors? Yes. Based on Company Act 1965, Directors are required to act bona fide for the benefit of the company as a whole. Fiduciary is a term used to cover situation where a person is expected to act for the interest of others not for their own self interest. Directors fiduciary obligations are to exercise their powers under the companys constitutions for proper purpose, to avoid conflict of interest and not to profit from their position such as misuse of corporate fund, misuse of onfidential information, honesty and diligence. While power is defined as the ability to conferred on a person by law to determine and alter the rights, duties and other legal relations of him or others. Abuses of power by the management can be seen when the controlling directors, En Zayed and Pn Hashimah tried to negotiate with the Auditor to not qualify the Financial Statement. They planned to terminate the auditors appointment and appoint a new friendly party auditor who can cooperate with them. The directors showed the intention to commit fraud and they definitely id not act in the best interest of the company. According to Section 132(1) of Companies Act 1965, a director of a company shall at all time exercise his power for a proper purpose and in good faith in the best interest of the company. The directors had gone against the provision in the Companies Act 1965. Besides that the directors had also charged their personal vehicle expenses on the company. There were also were also not familiar with Accounting Standards and the provision of the Companies resolution at general meeting with special notice of 28 days given to the auditor. One f the most distressing issues confronting board members is how to comply with their fiduciary duty to shareholders and unit owners. Although misconceptions abound as to the precise nature and scope of this obligation, a breach of the fiduciary duty could result in grave consequences for both offending board members and the community which he represents. Perhaps the most widespread misconception is that fiduciary duty is related to degree of competence with which board members perform their management responsibilities. In fact, the fiduciary responsibility has nothing to do with board members skill. Basically, a breach of the abuse of such power result in harm to one or more of his constituents. The placement of ones trust, confidence and responsibility in another person is the hallmark of a fiduciary relationship. The investiture of such trust, confidence and responsibility in the fiduciary bestows upon him, a position of influence and superiority over the person with whose he deals. As such, he is charged with an extraordinary degree of moral accountability to those people. Clearly, trust and confidence has been reposed on one side and there is a resulting superiority and influence on the other side. Thus, board members are fiduciaries to shareholders and unit owners who have elected them to their position of power. QUESTIONS ANSWERS 2. Who should be held responsible and accountable? The directors, top management and employees of Delima Enterprise SIB should be held responsible and accountable. This is because the directors should be more familiar with their roles and duties as company directors. They should have possessed enough skill and expertise to develop a good strategy and structure in the company. In the context of the Malaysian corporate law framework, the duties and esponsibilities of the company directors in Malaysia are clearly stated in the Malaysian Companies Act 1965 (Act). Under the Act, company directors are responsible for the management of their companies and have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of their companies. Sections 166A(3), 166A(4), 166A(5), 167(1), 167(1A), 169(1), 169(3), 169(16) of the companies Act are some of the key references that state that company directors are responsible for the maintenance of accounting and other records, as well as the tabling of the audited financial statements at a general meeting of members of a company. While Sections 166A(3), 166A(4), 166A(5) state clearly that the directors of a company shall ensure that the accounts of the company (including consolidated accounts, where applicable) laid before the annual general meeting are in accordance with the applicable approved accounting standards. Section 167(1) requires the company directors and managers to ensure proper maintenance of accounting and other records to enable them to be conveniently and properly audited and Section 167(1A) requires accounting entries and other records to be properly documented within sixty days of the completion of the transaction. Besides that Section 169(1) and 169(3) require directors of a company to table at the annual general meeting a profit and loss statement for the period and a balance sheet to which the profit and loss account relates. Section 169(5) requires directors of each company to prepare a resolution signed by no fewer than two of the directors attesting to the profit or loss of the company for the financial year and the state of affairs of the companys affairs as at the end of the financial year. QUESTIONS ANSWERS The top management on the other hand should have involved in giving opinions on decision making. They are the ones who discuss with the directors on any matters that are important for the future of the company. They should also carry out their own responsibilities and duties in the company. The finance executive, Cik Amy for information and data that is related to the accounting transaction in DESB as well as to maintain proper recording of the Companys assets and integrated accounting system to be used in the Company. 3. Could the Audit be completed soon without any qualification? An auditors report is considered an essential tool when reporting financial information to users, particularly in business. It is mandatory for all companies under the Companies Act 1965 to perform the statutory audit. In this case, DESB was required to comply with the Companies Act 1965 to prepare the Audited Financial Statements and in addition to meet the bankers request to process the facilities application. Yes, the audit can be completed soon without any qualification if En Zayed and Pn Hashimah could attend to the outstanding matters objectively. They should discussed objectively with the auditors and be guided by the auditors for the appropriate solutions. It was noted from the audit findings that several ransactions with significant amount were wrongly recorded and due reconciliation was necessary to identify and make appropriate adjustments to the accounts. 4. What should be done to improve the leadership and management of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd? The leadership of DESB can be improved by stating a clear Job description of each position in the company to prevent redundancy and breach of fiduciary responsibilities. DESB must also have sufficient control mechanism in both the management and operation level. The company can also introduce an internal audit department. Besides that, extensive sets of Standard Operating procedure SOP) must be introduced in all aspects of the management and operational level with the objective to achieve goal, prevent deviation, provide details and information for controls. This question will be further answered in the next part under Recommendations for Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd. Improvements. RECOMMENDATIONS After identifying all the issues related to Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd, now we can recommend on what should be done to improve the current management and leadership of the company. DESB must practice and implement some recommendations that will enable the company to enhance its performance and settle the unresolved issues. Segregation of duties Firstly, the company must implement segregation of duties. Encik Zayed should assign different employees to different position so that each task would be carried out by different individuals. In custody of assets the employees responsible for purchases or disposals of fixed assets should not have an access to record transactions in the fixed asset ledger. The useful life of the fixed asset (i. e. the life over which asset is depreciated) should be determined based on generally accepted accounting principles and entered in the system by a finance employee responsible for maintaining the fixed asset ledger. Fixed asset disposals should be made after review and authorization from a supervisory-level employee. Periodical physical counts of assets should be conducted by employees without record-keeping or authorization responsibilities, such as a finance department or an outside inventory service. Adjustment to the fixed asset system should be reviewed and approved by a maintenance of fixed asset system. The reconciliation of the general ledger fixed asset balance to the fixed asset system should be completed by someone who does not maintain the fixed asset system. Account reconciliations should be reviewed and pproved by someone other than the preparer of the reconciliation. While for record keeping, the employee who is responsible for the receipt of cash should not have access to record or authorize transactions in the accounts receivable ledger and customer accounts. In addition, the person receiving the cash or preparing the deposit should not be responsible for recording cash transactions or preparing the preparing the bank reconciliation. The employee preparing should not be responsible for cash transactions in the account receivable ledger and customer accounts. In addition, the bank reconciliation should be prepared by an employee ho is not involved in cash receipt or cash disbursement activities. The Adjustments and write-offs to customer accounts should be reviewed and approved by an employee who does not have responsibility for recording these transactions. In addition, this employee should not be responsible for preparing the reconciliation of the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger to the general ledger accounts receivable subsidiary ledger to the general ledger account balance. The preparer of bank reconciliations should not have the responsibility for recording cash receipt or disbursement transactions. In addition, bank reconciliations should be reviewed and pproved by an employee other than preparer. As a best practice, the reviewer should be in a supervisory-level position. As for automation or computerised system, there should be segregation between systems development and operations, operations and data control, and data base administration and system development. The employee responsible for designing and implementing information system cannot be the same person as the person responsible for testing the system, conducting system audits, or monitoring and reporting on systems. Secondly, the management should provide necessary training to all the employees so that they ould be more efficient in performing their Jobs. The directors too must equip themselves with all the necessary knowledge and skills to lead the company. En Zayed should spend more on training to equip the employees with proper knowledge. The management too must hire people that have good academic qualifications relevant experiences. The qualifications of the candidates must be emphasized so that they can carry out their tasks well. Cik Amy should be send for further training to enhanced her understanding in relation to her Job description and competency to perform her Job. The management should enrol her to a short course esignated to improve work efficiency and effectiveness in any local institutions. Besides that, the company should create and implement Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for all transactions related to each department in the company. (Refer Appendix 1) All types of incorporated companies enhance corporate governance. The directors must be updated with matters regarding powers of the registrar of the company, management and administration of the company, officers of the company, accounting and auditing of the company. Authorization Authorization is the process of reviewing and approving transactions or operations. Some examples are verifying cash collections and daily balancing reports; approving certifications, leave request and cumulative leave records; and approving charge orders, computer system design or programming changes. In future, DESB should emphasize on the authorisation in any transaction. This will prevent misappropriation of cash or assets. DESB management should prepare budget planning, plan on any cost that is likely to be incurred. This enable them to compare the budget cost and actual cost to see any variance on the performance evaluation. This will help managers to make efficient decision making. Every asset purchased ust be recorded manually computerized, Assign person(s) to be responsible for the company assets, Propose the Asset Tagging System The company should create a new organisational chart according to function. All the positions and function should be clarified clearly. (Refer Appendix B) Accounting records The accounting records must be kept in a safe place and documented based on its categories according to date. All the vouchers must be pre-numbered and statement of accounts must be sent to customers every month. Access controls Access control to the companys record must be restricted to authorised personnel nly. For example, the employee responsible of accounting information records should have medium of control such as password to secure the information. Only authorize employee can access to the information. Independent verification Finance manager should prepare worksheet to verify the performance of finance department staff independently. While supervisor must be hired to evaluate the time in and time out or the performance of DESB employees. They must not prepare their own timesheet anymore. 5 Cs of Creditworthiness of Borrower In order to be eligible to apply for the bank loan facilities, the company management ust ensure they comply with all the 5 Cs of creditworthiness of borrower. Character refers to the borrowers integrity and willingness to repay the financial obligation. Capacity refers to borrowers cash flow and ability to repay the debt from ongoing business operations. Capital is the borrowers financial net worth. A significantly positive net worth has the potential to offset insufficient cash flows, because financiers perceive the borrower still has more than adequate means to repay the loan. Collateral refers to any property owned by the borrower that can be pledged for security. Conditions refer to economic, industrial and company-specific prospects and events that may occur during the period of the loan that could have a significant effect on your company. For example material prices, an employee strike, increasing interest rates, etc. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, I have learnt how to relate the theories into practices in a real life situation from the issues encountered by Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd. The directors surely need to equip themselves with necessary skills and knowledge before they incorporate the company into a private limited company in term of management and leadership. REFERENCE http://www. icoph. org/downloads/ICO-CEO-Job-Description-20-September-2011 . pdf http://www. docstoc. com/docs/4625243/general-manager-Job-description http:// www. fishershypnosis. com/free-standard-operating-procedure-template. html Yycadvisors (2012). Appointment of auditor in Malaysia. Retrieved September 25, 2012, from http://www. yycadvisors. com/appointment-of-auditor-in-malaysia. html Malaysia, S. S. (2012, January). Removal of Auditor. Retrieved September 25, 2013, fromhttp://www. ssm. com. my/en/ls/application/auditor/how Wikianswer (2013). SCs of creditworthiness of borrowers?. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http:// wiki. answers. com/Q/5_Cs_of_creditworthiness_of_borrower- http:// malaysiabizadvisory. com/auditor-role-in-sdn-bhd-company/ Companies Act 1965 www. businessdictionary. com Suggested Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Purpose (Appendix A) 1. To ensure that the processing of financial documents is consistent and to describe the procedure of processing of financial documents. 2. Scope This SOP applies to the whole department processes. 3. Responsibilities It is the responsibilities of the manager of each department to ensure that the procedure is being applied to his/her own department. . Procedures Authorization Contact. Each department should nominate at least two senior as their Authorized Contact Officials. Any important document requires verification from both authorization and both or one of them is not signed, it shall not be entertained. Segregation of duties. Same Job may require different people to complete the transactions and it also provides independent views on the work performed. Assets. Custody of assets : Any storage of assets must be kept by the person chosen and frequently review the conditions of assets. Any obsolete assets must be analysed more whether to be disposed or upgrades. Recording of assets : The person who records and custody must be separated and he is to ensure that the records on amount, types of assets, value of the assets and anything regarding the assets must be properly kept and filed with proper coding. Suggested Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (Appendix A) Accounting records The Chief Financial Officer, Controller and accounting department personnel should not have access to modify general ledger accounts or change mappings for these accounts. Normally these changes should be made by IT personnel after approval. Financial statements should be approved by supervisory personnel at a higher uthority level than person preparing the financial statements. Access controls. The fingerprint verification machine can be used in accessing controls to important items. For example, the warehouse. Independent verification The fingerprint verification machine allows for multiple records to be crossed checked. There is no one allowed to make any changes to the first records and second records are used to verify the first records. This is to increase the level of security. Improper Organisational Chart The organisational chart was improperly arranged and too few positions (with

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Essay Example

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Essay Example La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Paper La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Paper Essay Topic: Poetry I intend to compare, When We Two Parted, a romantic poem by Lord Byron and La Belle Dame Sans Merci, also a romantic theme but a ballad by John Keats. In When We Two Parted the poem tells of a loving relationship which has ended, when one of the partners feelings for the other waned. It expresses the emotions of resentment, betrayal, sorrow and anguish which are those sentiments which are often felt by the one in the relationship who has been left. It is personal to the poet and written to his lost love. The poem by John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci has a similar message because it tells of a breakdown in a relationship; it is written as a ballad. It is a romantic story set in times past. It tells of the heartless reactions of a lady to her love-lorn knight. It is an allegory, perhaps written by the poet after he had been let down by his true love. In both poems a story is told in stages, represented in each stanza. Love is expressed in each poem by a feeling of pain and despair at its loss. The authors use expressive language to portray their pain and anguish, in La Belle Dame Sans Merci Keats work didnt really focus on religion or ethnic issues, he wrote mainly about sensations and the richness of life. The style of poetry that Byron uses in When We Two Parted suggests that he also preferred to write in a similar way; this is what makes the two poems suitable for comparison. The two poems are structured completely differently. When We Two Parted is made up of four eight line stanzas and alternate lines rhyme. The rhyme is enhanced by a rhythm which is made by the constant use of five syllables in each line. The use of this form, allows the reader to become immediately drawn to the intention of his poem. It has a rather stilted feeling about it, giving the impression that Lord Byron was so full of passionate hate when he wrote When We Two Parted that it did not flow from his pen easily. The poet uses colons, semi-colons, dashes and full stops to emphasise the depth of his feelings: Colder thy kiss; Sorrow to this! This gives the impression that Byron was angry and miserable when he wrote the poem but that he also wanted to express these feelings as shortly as possible. He ends the poem with a question which he answers: How should I greet thee? With silence and tears. This not only echoes the opening two lines of the poem it also strengthens his feeling of eternal despair at the loss of his love. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is made up of twelve four line stanzas in which only the second and fourth lines rhyme. We can see in La Belle Dame Sans Merci that the author wrote the poem in the style of a ballad, this is because this type of poem is a story. Keats probably saw his poem as an epic that could be remembered and retold by generation after generation, as a story of heart break and love. It is written as a romantic tale of love that has ended, almost like a play, and each verse represents a scene in the play. The regular use of commas and full stops allows the poem to flow from one idea to the next. One similarity between the two poems is the use of repetition to emphasise the poets feelings and to return the reader to the initial reason for the poem being written: Though the sedge has witherd from the lake, And no birds sing. In When We Two Parted Lord Byron uses language that expresses a feeling of physical as well as emotional sickness. The dew of the morning Sunk chill on my brow This gives the impression that Byrons emotional state is making him feel cold, clammy and feverish. Byron adds to this feeling with the constant use of words related to coldness; shudder, colder thy kiss. This links with the emotional and physical illness that Keats narrator is going through, from loss of love, in stanza three; I see a lily on thy brow With anguish moist and fever dew, And on thy cheeks a fading rose Fast withered too. We can see in the quote above, a sense that love is dying along with the rosiness in his lovers cheeks which are fading, signalling that as love is fading so is her stunning beauty. Byron emphasises the idea that love has died using such phrases as: To sever for years. This means that their love has been cut up and will never be whole again: Thy vows are all broken. means that the relationship has reached such a state that all the promises they made to each other have been broken and: A knell to mine ear suggests that a bell of death is tolling to tell of the passing of their love. There is also a mood of regret in such lines as: Truly that hour foretold Sorrow to this. Why wert thou so dear? In silence I grieve Overall Byron gives a sense of disillusionment and betrayal. This is reflected in La Belle Dame Sans Merci but the ways in which these feelings are portrayed are entirely different. Keats tells of the emotions connected with the loss of love, through a dream-like ballad of times long past. The main characters are a chivalrous knight and a passer-by, who questions the knight about his sadness. Keats uses romantic, almost archaic language that is reminiscent of Shakespeare. I met a lady in the mead, The squirrels granary is full And the harvest done. Hath thee in thrall. These quotes give a definite time frame. With the type of language used by Keats, we can see that the ballad was written at a time when the romantic poetry was extremely popular and poetic style was often influenced by the master of such poems; Shakespeare. The author has written the ballad in sections; we can identify a beginning, a middle and an end; the beginning is shown in the first four stanzas with the introduction of a: lady in the meads it then moves smoothly into the middle part of the ballad when the two lovers are having fun and enjoying each others company. The author is giving his lover romantic presents: I made a garland for her head and the end tells of the break-up, the word death signals the death of a relationship. Parts of the ballad are in dream sequence: and there she lulled me I saw their starved lips Here, you get the feeling that reality has struck him hard, this is where he realises that he has been abandoned and that how dreadful he feels now this has happened. The ballad is aiming to give the message that love hurts and that you never know that its over until you wake up and get hit by the knowledge. Mood and tone are key elements of any poem and are definitely present in both of my poems; Byron creates mood and tone by using dull and depressing vocabulary that reflects the poems theme; tearsbrokenchill on my browsorrowcold These give a sense of pain and loss in each line, each with a word of heart ache, which lets the reader know of Byrons deep heartache and distress. Repetition is also another way in which byron has portrayed the mood. He uses the word cold twice, directly after each other, which implicates his cold and broken heart. It sets the tone as being depressing and lonely. This feeling of coldness appears several times throughout the poem, with words such as, chill and shudder. These words help to set the mood by constantly referring to the bleakness of winter, and how to Byron, the loss of his love is like a winter. There is a shift in Byrons When we two parted between the second and third stanza. The first two stanzas depict his own feeling of their parting, and he describes how he felt at the time, and is almost like a flashback of that fatal moment. The last two stanzas are almost like a reality check, and another influence is brought into the poem: they. This shifts the tone of the poem from being reflective to being a more questioning tone. It is also portrayed through literary technique. Alliteration is a key aspect, and Byron uses this at several points throughout the poem: They knew not I knew thee Who knew thee too well: Long, long shall I rue thee Too deeply to tell. The repetition of the th sound enhances the loss of this love, and creates a sound that fits the mood. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci there are a lot of commas and semi-colons throughout the poem: what can ail thee, knight at arms, death pale were they all; they cried La Belle Dame Sans Merci These give the poem a short sharp quality which lets the reader be aware of the type of pain that is affecting the poet. As in When We Two Parted the tone is partially set by the repetition of phrases and words in the stanzas: sedge witherd from the lake, This is repeated in the last line, along with: and no birds sing these open and close the poem, this is very effective for the tone and also the mood of the poem, as the narrator, who is talking to a knight at-arms, is at the beginning of the poem the narrator is alone and lonely and looking for a love, and at the end when he realises that his new-found lover is actually quite floozy and has left many men; I saw pale kings, and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; Who crydLa belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This is to show that the mystical woman doesnt only treat the narrator like this, she treats everybody like this, even kings, and princes too,. In addition to When We Two Parted and La Belle Dame Sans Merci I have comed through three other poems, they are, Porphyrias Lover, Never Seek To Tell Thy Love and The Despairing Lover. These poems are all from the era of my main poems and all compliment the theme of loss loss of love. In Never Seek To Tell Thy Love the structure is unique, it is very short, in line length and poem length, it is a group of three quatrains and has a regular syllabic pattern, these things make it short and snappy and give the poem a feeling of sharp pain as it is in very small blistering sections. In Never Seek To Tell Thy Love it is similar to La Belle Dame Sans Merci because of the way the narrator is left by hiss lover and is distraught because of his loss: Soon as she was gone from me A traveller came by Silently, invisibly O, was no deny. This is from Never Seek To Tell Thy Love it is the same as when the poet in La Belle Dame Sans Merci expresses his loss in the way: I saw pale kings and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; They cried-La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This links to Never Seek To Tell Thy Love because of the way they find out about their lover adultery, it is obviously a big shock. It is apparent that their lovers were maybe a bit loose, I can say this because the way they find out that their love has left them. Porphyrias Lover is linked to When We Two Parted by the tone used to portry their pain. The tone used is very cold and bitter: cold, colder thy kiss These types of words give the poems real pain, it almost gives the effect of physical sickness, this is told byt the authors with great anguish as they use many words like this to give across their throbbing heart soreness. In conclusion I think that the poets bring their themes to life well, by using all the things mentioned structure which is important to set the mood and tone, language which is important to set the mood, tone and gives the speed of the poem. Also the view of love is expressed by all the poets well as being unrequited as it is not really returned in the same way as it is being bestowed on the poets love.

SOC 428 (Families, Delinquency, & Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SOC 428 (Families, Delinquency, & Crimes - Essay Example The impact of working mothers on childcare and development of young children is even greater. With less time to spend together as a family, the development of children is then influenced to an even greater extent on external factors outside the family circle. The school environment, the social interaction with other children in the neighborhood, participation in local clubs and societies etc. take on a bigger role in shaping the social character of the child and extent, if any, of an inclination towards antisocial behaviors. The importance of greater time for social interaction of parents with their children in the context of the relationship between family variables and child behavior is discussed in Family Process journal1, wherein it states that â€Å"although a diversity of factors may be associated with the development and maintenance of conduct/oppositional disorders in children, of primary importance are the moment-to-moment interactions that the child has with his or her primary caregivers.† It is an unfortunate present day reality that in many families, parents do not spend sufficient time with their children as they used to, usually due to work commitments. So it is no surprise that they acquire habits, attitudes and behaviors from elsewhere that prove detrimental to their future lives. As far as the effects of the neighborhood is concerned on family processes, especially in the absence of sufficient parental involvement in the lives of their children, it too can be a significant factor. Emily and Daniel2 conducted a longitudinal study from toddlerhood to school entry of the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on early child overt behavior problems in a low-income, urban sample of 281 African American and European American boys. Neighborhood effects on boys behavior emerged, albeit only at age 6 at the extreme of neighborhood disadvantage. Findings suggested that boys in underclass